As per the Hindu Religion, Surya symbolizes the Sun God. Surya is considered as the only visible
form of God that can be seen every day.When the world came into existence, the first sound that reverbrated was 'AUM'. Lord Surya was born from this 'Omkara naadham'. Sri Markandeya Puranam has explained this factor.The other names for the Lord are Ravi(the fire bird),Pusha(the best purifier),Aaditya(the son of Aditi),Bhaskar(maker of light),Divakar(maker of day),Mitra(friend),Bhanu(light),Arka(ray).
श्री सूर्य गायत्री मंत्र : ॐ भास्कराय विद्महे दिवाकराया धीमहि तन्नोह सूर्यः प्रचोदयात
Lord Surya was the son of Sage Kashyap and was the grandson of Sage Marichi. Vivasvat
(Surya) had three queens - Saranyu (also called Saraniya, Saranya, Sanjna, or Sangya), Ragyi,and Prabha. Saranyu was the mother of Vaivasvata Manu or Sraddhadeva Manu (the seventh,i.e. present Manu) and the twins Yama Dev (the Lord of Death) and his sister Yami (associated with the river Yamuna). She also bore him the twins known as the Ashwins, divine horsemen and physicians to the Devas. Once, Saranyu, being unable to bear the extreme radiance of Surya, created a superficial entity from her shadow called Chhaya and instructed her to act as Surya's wife in her absence. Chhaya mothered two sons - Savarni Manu (the eighth, i.e. next Manu) and
Shani Dev (the planet Saturn), and two daughters - Tapti(goddess of river Tapti) and Vishti. He also has a son, Revanta, or Raivata, by Ragyi.
It should be mentioned here that the chariot of Surya has only one wheel. It is drawn by seven horses in seven colours.Sometimes Surya is depicted with two hands holding a lotus in both; sometimes he has four hands holding a lotus, chakra, a conch, and the fourth hand makes the gesture of protection. God Surya is regarded as an aspect of Shiva and Vishnu by Shaivites and Vaishnavas respectively. Surya is also known as Surya Narayana. Surya, the Sun God is also acknowledged as one of the eight forms of Lord Shiva (Astamurti). Surya is the lord of excellence and wisdom.The Sun is known as the "ATMAKARAKA". This comes from the Sanskrit words
"ATMA" meaning soul, and "KARAKA" meaning indicator. As "indicator of the soul" the Sun is the giver of life. The Sun is the indicator of the father, our ego, honors, status, fame, the heart,the eyes, general vitality, respect and power. He is the God - a living God - whom everyone can see, perceive and pray. Though he is visible, he also has been presented in a variety of forms. He is the life-giver and time-giver. The Vedas adore him as a witness (Sakshi) of all actions.
श्री सुर्यास्ट्कम
आदि देव नमस्तुभ्यम प्रसीद मम भास्करा दिवाकरा नमस्तुभ्यम प्रभाकर नमोस्तुते 1
सप्ताश्वा रधमारुदम प्रचंदम कस्य्पथ्माजम श्वेतपद्माधरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 2
हितं रधामरूदम सर्व लोक पितामहम सर्व पाप हरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 3
त्रैगुणम च महा शूरं ब्रह्म विष्णु महेश्वरम महा पाप हरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 4
ब्रह्मितम तेज पुन्जम च वायुमाकशामव च प्रभुस्त्वं सर्व लोकानां तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 5
बंढूका पुष्प संकासम हारकुण्डला भूषितं एक चक्र धरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 6
विश्वेशं विश्व कर्तारं महा तेजा प्रदीपनम् महा पाप हरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 7
श्री विष्णुम जगतं नादं ज्ञान विज्ञानं मोक्षदम महा पाप हरम देवं तं सूर्यम प्रणमम्यहम 8
श्री सुर्यास्ट्कम पठेँनित्यम ग्रह पीड़ा प्रनासनम अपुत्रो लभते पुत्रं दरिद्रो धनवान भवेत्
12 temples of Lord Surya at Varanasi
(1)Keshavaditya Temple at Adikeshav Temple, Varuna Sangam
(2)Vimaladitya Temple at Jangambadi Mutt, Godowliya
(3)Gangaditya Temple at Lalitha Ghat
(4) Yamaditya Temple at Sankata Ghat
(5) Arunaditya Temple is nearer to Trilochan Mandir, Trilochan Ghat
(6) Vrudhaditya Temple at Meer Ghat
(7) Sambaditya Temple at Suraj Kund
(8) Droupatiaditya Temple is nearer to Sri Vishwanath Temple
(9)Mayukhaditya Temple at Mangala Gowri Temple, Panchaganga Ghat
(10) Lolarkaditya Temple at Bhadani
(11)Uttarakaditya Temple Bakariya Kund, Alayepur
(12) Khakholokhaditya Temple Trilochan Ghat
In the epics, Ramayana and Maha Bharat, we will hear about Surya. The dynasty of Lord Rama,itself called as Surya dynasty.While in the battle with demon king Ravana,sage Agastya taught the famous hymn "Aditya Hrudyam" to Rama.By chanting the hymn,Rama reallocated his power and zeal to demolish Ravana.Many scholars advises to chant Aditya Hrudayam to win over enemies.